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verb patterns
The structure of the clause depends on the verb. For example:
An intransitive verb has the structure: N(=noun) + V(=verb): (John) + (smiled).
A transitive verb has the structure: N + V + N: (We) + (had been playing) + (football)
A link verb has the structure: N + V + Adj : (She) + (looked) + (happy)
A phrasal verb has the structure: N + V + p + N (She) + (gave) +(back) + (the money)orN + V + N + p (She) + (gave) + (the money) + (back)...
Friday, October 18, 2013
7:42 AM
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link verbs:-
Some verbs are followed by either a noun or an adjective:
She was a good friend.= N + V + N
She was very happy.= N + V + Adj.
He became headmaster.= N + V + N
He became angry.= N + V + Adj.
These verbs are called link verbs. Common verbs like this are:
be
become
appear
feel
look
remain
seem
sound
She seemed an intelligent woman.She seemed intelligent.He looked hungry.He looked a good player.
After appear and seem we...
7:35 AM
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wishes and hypotheses
Wishes
We use past tense forms to talk about wishes:
We use past tense modals would and could to talk about wishes for the future:
I don’t like my work. I wish I could get a better job.That’s a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop.I always have to get home early. I wish my parents would let me stay out later.
We use past tense forms to talk about wishes for the present:
I don’t like...
7:26 AM
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talking about the future:-
1. When we know about the future we normally use the present tense.
We use the present simple for something scheduled or arranged:
We have a lesson next Monday.The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.The holidays start next week.It is my birthday tomorrow.
We can use the present continuous for plans or arrangements:
I’m playing football tomorrow.They...
7:22 AM
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talking about the past:-
1 Talking about past events and situations:
We use the past simple:
when we are talking about an event that happened at a particular time in the past
We arrived home before darkThe film started at seven thirty.
when we are talking about something that continued for some time in the past
Everybody worked hard through the winter.We stayed with our friends in London.
When we are talking about something that happened several...
7:20 AM
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talking about the present:-
1. We use the present simple:
to talk about something happening regularly in the present:
The children come home from school at about four.We often see your brother at work.
to talk about something happening continually in the present:
They live next door to us.He works for the Post Office.
to talk about things which are generally true:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.The...
7:17 AM
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to + infinitive:-
We use the to-infinitive:
• to express purpose (to answer "Why...?"):
He bought some flowers to give to his wife.He locked the door to keep everyone out.
We sometimes say in order to or in order not to:
We set off early in order to avoid the traffic.They spoke quietly in order not to wake the children
… or we can say so as to or so as not to:
We set off early so as to avoid the...
7:14 AM
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continuous aspect:-
Both tenses have a continuous form. These continuous tenses are formed with the verb be and the –ing form of the verb:
We use continuous aspect:
for something happening before and after a given time.
He’s getting on the train. [before and after the moment of speaking]It was quarter past ten. We were watching the news on television.
for something continuing before and after another action:
Mother will...
7:14 AM
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perfective aspect
We use the present perfect to show that something has continued up to the present
They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
… or is important in the present:
I’ve lost my keys. I can’t get into the house.Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping.
We use the present perfect continuous to show that something has been continuing up to the present:
It’s been raining for...
7:10 AM
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irregular verbs:-
Most verbs have past tense and past participle in –ed ( worked, played, listened). But many of the most frequent verbs are irregular:
Base formPast tensePast participle
bebeginbreakbringbuybuildchoosecomecostcutdodrawdriveeatfeelfindgetgivegohavehearholdkeepknowleaveleadletlielosemakemeanmeetpayputrunsayseesellsendsetsitspeakspendstandtaketeachtellthinkunderstandwearwinwrite
was/werebeganbrokebroughtboughtbuiltchosecamecostcutdiddrewdroveatefeltfoundgotgavewenthadheardhe...
6:54 AM
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PLAY HARDBALL:-
take an aggressive stance in negotiations, behave ruthlessly. It's interesting—this idiom is likely of American origin, since it refers to the game of baseball. But I'm seeing Australian and a few British examples as well as North American ones.
ABC News (Australia):
...
6:24 AM
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Vocabulary of Autumn
1. Autumn years – it is often used to refer to the later years in someone’s life“In his autumn years, Peter was able to enjoy his garden a lot more”
2. Apple of my eye – someone who is cherished above everyone“Even though Frank has three children, his youngest has always been the apple of his eye”.
3. Old chestnut – it refers to a story or a joke that has been told so many times that it becomes uninteresting.Ted:...
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